See mule in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "mule"
},
{
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"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "mule"
}
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"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
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"id": "animal"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"substrate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"qfa-sub\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*musklos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"mūlus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"mūla\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Anglo-Norman\", \"term\" : \"mule\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"xno\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh<unc>\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*musklos<ety:bor<qfa-sub:-<unc>>>\", \"id\" : \"mule\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"mūlus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*mūl\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"mūl\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"mule\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"animal\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"mule\" id=\"Middle_English:_animal\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman mule",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "mūla"
},
"expansion": "Latin mūla",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "mūl"
},
"expansion": "Old English mūl",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman mule, from Latin mūla, feminine of mūlus; reinforced by native Old English mūl, from the same Latin source.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mules",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mewle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "moyle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "muile",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "mul",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "muyle",
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"alternative"
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}
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"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mule (plural mules)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"mule (donkey-horse hybrid)"
],
"id": "en-mule-enm-noun-A52P7oNm",
"links": [
[
"mule",
"mule#English"
]
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},
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"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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{
"_dis": "14 55 14 16",
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"name": "Equids",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"hinny"
],
"id": "en-mule-enm-noun-btGKCc1z",
"links": [
[
"hinny",
"hinny"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) hinny"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"idiot"
],
"id": "en-mule-enm-noun-SPq3pWR5",
"links": [
[
"idiot",
"idiot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) idiot"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmiu̯l(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "mule"
}
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"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "mylne"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of mylne"
],
"id": "en-mule-enm-noun-1a3wNwkN",
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"word": "mule"
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"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from substrate languages",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
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"descendants": [
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"word": "mule"
},
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"word": "mule"
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"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xno:mule",
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"id": "animal"
},
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"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "mule"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman mule",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "mūla"
},
"expansion": "Latin mūla",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "mūl"
},
"expansion": "Old English mūl",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman mule, from Latin mūla, feminine of mūlus; reinforced by native Old English mūl, from the same Latin source.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mules",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mewle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "moyle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "muile",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "mul",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "muyle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mule (plural mules)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"mule (donkey-horse hybrid)"
],
"links": [
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]
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],
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"(rare) hinny"
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"idiot"
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"(rare) idiot"
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"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmiu̯l(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "mule"
}
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"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
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"word": "mylne"
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],
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"alternative form of mylne"
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],
"word": "mule"
}
Download raw JSONL data for mule meaning in Middle English (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-05-01 using wiktextract (4997730 and 9380997). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.